Cosmic-ray acceleration by relativistic shocks: limits and estimates
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Cosmic ray acceleration and nonlinear relativistic wavefronts
The usual Fermi processes are not efficient enough to account for the high energy cosmic ray acceleration in AGNs, Jet hot spots, GRBs, and in other compact object environments. It is proposed to accelerate particles by large perturbations in the relativistic plasmas of compact object environments where the Alfvén velocity is close to the velocity of light. Relativistic wavefronts are far more ...
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Galactic cosmic rays are widely believed to be accelerated in expanding shock waves initiated by supernova explosions. The theory of diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic rays is now well established, but two fundamental questions remain partly unanswered: what is the acceleration efficiency, i.e. the fraction of the total supernova energy converted to cosmic-ray energy, and what is the maximu...
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Theory of the first-order Fermi acceleration of cosmic ray particles at relativistic shock waves is reviewed. We consider shocks with parallel and oblique, suband super-luminal magnetic field configurations and with finite-amplitude magnetic field perturbations. A role of oblique field configurations and field perturbations in forming the cosmic ray energy spectrum and changing the acceleration...
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We consider the acceleration of charged particles at the ultra-relativistic shocks, with Lorentz factors Γs 1 relative to the upstream medium, arising in relativistic fireball models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We show that for Fermi-type shock acceleration, particles initially isotropic in the upstream medium can gain a factor of order Γs in energy in the first shock crossing cycle, but that t...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
سال: 2017
ISSN: 0035-8711,1365-2966
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2485